Overview of the Nervous System
The nervous system is a complex network of cells and tissues that transmit signals between different parts of the body. It is responsible for controlling and coordinating bodily functions, including movement, sensation, and thought. The nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Types of Neurons
Neurons are specialized cells that transmit electrical and chemical signals throughout the nervous system. There are three main types of neurons: sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons. Sensory neurons transmit signals from sensory organs, such as the eyes and ears, to the CNS. Motor neurons transmit signals from the CNS to muscles and glands, controlling movement and secretion. Interneurons are located entirely within the CNS and are responsible for processing and integrating signals from sensory and motor neurons.
Central Nervous System
The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. The brain is the control center of the nervous system, responsible for processing and interpreting sensory information, initiating movement, and regulating bodily functions. The spinal cord is a long, thin bundle of nerves that extends from the brainstem to the lower back. It serves as a conduit for signals between the brain and the rest of the body.
Peripheral Nervous System
The PNS consists of all the nerves outside of the CNS. It is further divided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements, such as walking and talking. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions, such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing.
Role of the Nervous System
The nervous system plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis, or the balance of bodily functions. It regulates heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and other vital functions. It also enables us to sense and respond to our environment, allowing us to move, communicate, and interact with others.
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2 The brain and spinal cord ⇨